Electromyography (EMG)

Electromyography is the recording of electrical activity from muscle tissue. EMG is a diagnostic tool used to monitor nerve root function and motor unit activity.

Muscle and Neuromuscular Junction

Muscles cells generate action potentials when activated. An electromyograph detects these changes in electrical activity.

Electromyography recording

1. Spontaneous EMG

After recording electrodes are inserted into muscle tissue, the background EMG activity is stable and quiet. Spontaneous EMG activity is monitored continuously

1. Stimulated EMG
2. Single Fiber EMG

Cranial Nerves

1. Facial Nerve
2. Cranial Nerve III IV and VI
3. Other Cranial Nerves

Intraoperative Monitoring

1. Pedicle screws
2. Peripheral Nerves
3. Brachial Plexus
4. Dorsal Rhizotomy
5. Skull Base Tumor
6. Others

Anesthesia and Other Factors

1. Anesthesia Methods
2. Muscle Relaxants
3. Temperature
4. Tourniquet
5. Others